keeley



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet l.

D. H. KEELEY & A. A. EFGARVEY,

QUADRUPLEXAND DUPLEX TELEGRAPH.

No. 331,975. Patented Dec. 8, 1885.

WHNESSES INVENTDRS n PUERS. FhMn-Lhhegmphen Washinglnn. n. c.

(No Model.) I 3 SheetsSheet 2.

D. H. KEELEY'Kv A. A. E. GARVEY. QUADRUPLEX AND DUPLEX TELEGRAPH.-

No. 331,975. Patented Dec. 8, 1885.

l, in e N PETERE. Plnin-Lilhcgflphor. Washinglnn. 04 c4 3 Sheets-Sheet3.

(No Model.)

D. H. KEELEY 85 A. A. E. GARVEY. QUADRUPLEX AND DUPLEX TELEGRAPH.

No. 331,975. Patented Dec. 8, 185.

R lk INVENTO S Jig Him .lttorneg UNITED STATES PATENT Orrrcn.

DAVID HERBERT KEELEY, OF OTTAWA, ONTARIO, AND AARON A. E. GAR- VEY, OFMONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA.

QUADRUPLEX AND DUPLEX TELEGRAPH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 331,8"75, datedDecember 8, 1885,

Application filed November 14, 1883. Serial No. 111,761. (No model.)

To a ZZ whom, it may concern: combination of the whole. (Represented inBeit known that we, DAVID HERBERT KEE' Fig. 1.)

LEY,of thecity of Ottawa,in the county of Garle- In Fig. 1, R B are thereceiving-relays. 5 5

ton, in the Province of Ontario, teiegrapher, B is an electromagnetwound with four 5 and AARON ALBERT EDWARD GARVEY, of the wires, two uponeach half of the core. Two city of Montreal, in the county of Hochelaga,of these wires or coils (one upon each half of in the Province ofQuebec, Canada, telegrathe core) are connected together to form a pairpher, have invented certain new and useful of coils, L O. The other twowires or coils 6o Improvements in Multiple Telegraphy; and (one uponeach half of the core) are connect IO we do hereby declare that thefollowing is 21. ed to form another pair of coils, M C. These full,clear, and exact description of the same. wires or coils may besuperposed one upon The first part of our invention consists in theother, or mayoccupy separate spaces upon the combination, with amain-line telegraphthe core. For convenience of illustration the 65circuit, of a local circuit embracing a translatter method isrepresented in the figure, in mitting-battery, and appliances wherebythe which only one-half of the electro-niagnet is battery may beinstantly transferred from one visible. circuit to the other, and soconnecting a re- R is an electro-magnet of similar construeceiverthercwith that itis uniformly influenced tion to It. 0 by thebattery,\vhether that battery be in one KK are Morse keys controllingthree eleccircuit or the other, and in the employment tro-magnets, M M Moperated by the batof an inductor of the form and with the conteries G CC, by which is effected the de' ncctions described, for the purpose ofneupressionand upraisal of the pivoted levers of tralizing the effect ofextra and return curthree sixpoint transmitters, T T T, whose rents inthe main-line circuit on the introducdepression and upraisal reversesthe position 25 tion and withdrawal of the transmitting-bat of the flatsprings or hinged levers f ff f tery, the object of this arrangementbeing to f f, with respect to the contacts a a a and provide a new andsuitable means of simulthe contacts upon the ends of the lever-armstaneous transmission in opposite directions, (I d d". wherewith tocombine the second part of our P23 is the primary coil of an inductor,of 0 invention. which Si is the secondary coil.

The second part of our invention consists in A B G are sections of thetransmitting-bata new arrangement of transmitters and retery controlledby the transmitters T T T ceivers, whereby double transmission in the LB is a small battery employed to neutral- 8 same direction is renderedeasy and practicaize, when so required, the local effect of the 35 blewith currents of much lower tension than transmittingbattery A B O,which is concan be employed in the operation of any other stantlytraversing thereceiving-relays R R in system of this kind. onedirection, either through the coils M O in The combination of theseparts comprises a the main circuit or through the coils L G in 0 systemwhereby two sets of signals may be rapthe local circuit, or both,according to the po- 0 idly and accurately transmitted simultane sitionof the transmitters T T T, as hereinously from both ends of atelegraph-line. after explained.

Figurel shows onrinvention withboth keys Rh is an adjustable resistanceregulating the open at the transmitting station. Fig. 2 efiect of thebattery L B, and of the transshows it with key K closed and key K open.mitting-battery A B C- with respect to the re- 5 Fig. 3 shows it withkey K closed and key K lays R R open. Fig. at shows it with both keys Kand Xis a rheostat employed to vary the resist- K closed. Fig. 5 showsourimprovcment apance of the local circuit (hereinafterindicated) pliedto a dnplexgsystem. to suit the conditions of the mainline circuit, o

As the operation of our invention can be and to secure, in conjunctionwith the adj usta- 0 more readily explained without immediate ble shuntRh, a uniform effect from the transrcference being made to the first andsecond mitt-ing-battery A B O in the receiving-relays parts thereof, wewill deal first with the R B during the operation of the keys KK.

' the contacts a and d.

In the normal condition of the apparatus, with the keys K K open, and asrepresented in the figure, the batteries 0 O are opposed by battery 0and the current traversing the electro-magnets h M M is not sufficientto affect them. The main circuit is traced from earth via a f u f 2 u f,coil Si, and coils M O to line. There is therefore no battery in themain circuit. The local circuit is traced from earth through 0 d f B dfA d f, coil Pi, shunt Rh to switch Ch, where it is interrupted. Thewhole of the battery A B O is therefore in the local circuit, but itsflow is inter= rupted at the switch Oh. The circuit of the battery L Bis interruptedat the switch CW. Thereis therefore no current flowingthrough the relay-coils L O M O.

As the object of the arrangement represented in the figure is to admitof signals being transmitted independently by the keys K K to thedistant end of the line simultaneously with the receipt of twoindependent sets of signals by the relays R 1t from the distant end ofthe line, it is first requisite that the relays R B be renderedinsensible to the operation of the keys K K This is accomplished in thefollowing manner: K? is closed. Battery 0 flows through and closeselectromagnet M", thereby causing T to reverse the positions of the flatsprings f f with respect to the contacts a and d. Battery 0 is opposedby O" and electro-magnets M M remain unaffected. The main circuit is nowtraced from earth through O d f B df A cl f, coil Si, coils M C to line.The whole of the transmitting-battery A B O is therefore in the maincircuit through the coils M O of the relays B R, and the armatures A Aare thereby attracted. The switch Oh is now closed and the resistance ofthe shunt Rh adjusted till the battery L B, acting in the coils L G,neutralizes the transniitting-battery A B 0, acting in the coils M O.Relays R B have now no attraction for the armatures A A". K is nowopened again. Magnet M releases T", and the flat springs f f are therebyrestored to their first position with respect to tery A B O is thereforewithdrawn from the main circuit and reintroduced into the local circuit,which is still interrupted at the switch Oh. The battery L B now actsalone upon the relays R B through the coils L O, and the armatures A Aare again attracted. The switch Oh is now closed, thus completing thelocal circuit, and the resistance X is adjusted till the proportion ofthe transmitting-battery A B O, flowing through the coils LO,neutralizes the power of the battery L B acting in these coils. Therelay-magnets R B there fore again lose their attraction for thearmatures A A Hence with K closed the transmitting-battery A B O,actingin the coils M O, is neutralized by the battery L B acting in the coilsL O, and with K open the battery L B, acting in the coils L O, isneutralized by the battery A B C, also acting in the coils L 0..

The transmitting-bat:

Therefore the transmitting-battery A B 0, whether acting in the coils MO in the main circuit or in the coils L G in the local circuit,

is neutralized by the batteryL B. Abalance now being effected,the key Kcan, if the line is a short one, be operated without affecting therelays R R; but if the line is a long one the effects of the extra andreturn currents, which arise momentarily upon the battery beingintroduced into and withdrawn from the main circuit, will, unlessneutralized, be apparent in the relays B B. Our method of neutralizingthese currents (to effect which recourse has heretofore been had tocondensers and artificial line-circuits) is explained hereunder. As thebattery L B is one of very low power, the resistance of the shunt R-hmust be made very low to render the battery L B sufficiently effectivetoneutralize the transmitting-battery A B O acting in the coils M 0.Consequently when the battery A BOis transferred from the main circuitto thelocal circuit the proportion of the battery A B O passing via theshunt Rhis much greater than that passing through the coils L 0; whereasto obtain the requisite condition theportion passing through L 0 mustequal the power of the battery L B', (which is equal to that exercisedin the coils M O by the transmiting-battery A B 0, when in the maincircuit.) In order therefore to render the proportion of thetransmittingbattery A B C passing through the coils L 0 equal to thepower of the battery L B, the power of the transmittingbattery A B 0,when acting in the local circuit, must be augmented. This is done bylessening the resistance X till the power of the transmitting-battery AB O is so greatly augmented that the proportion passing through thecoils L 0 equals the power of the battery LB. The transmitting-battery AB O is then comparatively short-circuited, and in consequence powerfullyaffects the inductor primary Pi, through which it flows. By varying thepower of the battery L B therefore (which may be done by introducing arheostat at the point i, or by altering the number of cells in thebattery) the effect of the transmitting-battery A B O on theinductor-primary P13 may be regulated to any extent and the extra andreturn currents vA B G withdrawn from the main circuit a current returnsfrom the line. At the same instant, however, the battery A B 0 (havingbeen reintroduced to the local circuit) flows through the primary coilPt, and the secondary coil Si, by induction, gives out a current to meetthat coming from the line. Thus the re turn current, which is onlymomentary, is,

neutralized. While the key K is open the transmitting battery A B Oflows through the primary coil Pi in the local circuit. At the instantthe key K is depressed the current is removed from the primary coil Pi,and the secondary coil Si, byinduction, now gives out a current at thesame time that the battery A B C flows again with a current into themain circuit. This wave of the secondary coil Si weakens the currentofthe transmitting-battery A B O, and thus neutralizes the statical current,which arises for an instant upon the charging of the line.

The inductor which we employ in the manner just explained may be of anydescriptionthat is, of any form wherein the principle of theinduction-coil is embodied-vim, the introduction and withdrawalorinerease and decrease of a current in one wire, called the primary,will induce currents in another wire, called the secondary.

It has been shown above that the transmitting-battery A B C, when in thelocal circuit, though split between the shunt Rh and the coils L O, ismade to exercise an effect equal to that of the battery L B in the coilsL G;

2 5 hence L cc we u'rren 0 ranamr 1121- a er: T t C t f T [l' y B l! J IA. I l

In main CII'CII]! In local circuit l through coils through coils gf g lM O. L C. I

With both keysopcn. o i A B c A n c K Cl0sed ABC 0 :ABC

'the line.

A uniform effect is therefore exercised by the transmitting-battery A B0 upon the relays, R Rflwhether it be in the local circuit or in themain circuit; and as this uniform effect is uniformly neutralized by thebattery L B the key K may now be operated upon to transmit the currentof the battery A B G into the main circuit without affecting thearmatures A A which are free to respond to any magnetic effect impartedto the relays R B by currents transmitted from the distant end of Withthe key K closed and K open 0' closes M, causing the transmitter-1ever Tto reverse the flat springsff with respect to the contacts a and d. Thebattery 0 is opposed by battery 0 and electromagnets M M remainunaffected. The main circuit is now traced from earth through 0 d f B dfuf, coil St, coils M G to line. The sections B O of thetransmitting-battery are therefore in the main circuit. The localcircuit is traced from earth via a f 3 eff A d f, coil Pi, shunt andcoils Rh L (l, resistance X to earth. The section A of thetransmittingbattery is therefore in the local circuit,- hence- EfleetireCurrent 0f Transmifling-Battery.

In main circuit In local circuit through coils through coils M C. I L G.

Total in R R WithKcloscd....... :ABC

1; c i A .The uniform effect is still maintained in the relays RR' aswas the case with key K closed. With both keys closed the batteryGactuates the electro-inagnet M, causing the transmitter-lever T toreverse the positions of the flat springs f f with respect to thecontacts a and d,- O actuates M causing T to reverse the positions ofthe fiat springs f f with respect to the contacts a and (Z, and G (asthere is no current now opposing it) actuates M causing T to reverse thepositions of the flat springs f f with respect to the contacts 11. andd. The main circuit is now traced from earth through C etc ti f tiff Adf, coil Si, coils M Cto line. The sections A O of thetransmitting-battery are therefore in the main circuit. The localcircuit is traced from earth eia. uf B (Z'f uf, coil Pi, shuntand coilsRh, L O, resistance X to earth. The section B of the transmitting-battery is therefore in the local circuit; hence Iajfeczirc Cur eat of1l'mismiltingBattery.

' I In main circuit In local circuit w through coils fhrcugh coils l9%}? i c 2 L c. y t

Withhothkeys closed, A C l B A B C Efl'eciit'c Current ofTmnsmiiting-Baiiery.

1 In main circuit In local circuit Q l through coils through coils g i lM C. L C. l l Both keys open 0 (l2 +4+-1:)2O :20 K closed (4+4:) 8 5 12:20 K closed l (l2+-l-}-4:)20 l 0 :20 Both keys closed (12+ l=)1fi 4 =20Or when G is greater than A and B is less than A, let 0 z 12, A 8, and B1:. Then we produce:

Eifeclive Cm'rent of Tra nsmilttng-Bailery.

v In main circuit In local circuit through coils through coils gf i g m0. L c.

Both keys open O (8+4+12=):24 :24

K closed (4+12=)16 8 :24

So long as the specific values of the sections A B O of thetransmitting-battery in respect to each other, as explained above, aremaintained, it matters not what number of cells is employed in thedifferent sections, the result will always be the same, viz: with bothkeys open, no current to line; K closed, minimum current to line; Kclosed, maximum current IIS to line; both keys closed, intermediatecurrent to line. And as the sum of the effective currents of thetransmitting battery A B C flowing through the coils LC and M C is thesame under all conditions of the keys, and the sum of these currents isuniformly neutralized by the battery L B, the keys K K may bemanipulated without in any way affecting the relays R R The apparatusand arrangements being exactly similar at both ends of the line, ourmethod of receiving the signals transmitted from the distant end of theline will be readily understood by the following:

S is a sounder or register operated by a bat tery, Z, and thearmature-lever A of relay R, in the usual manner. Normally theretractile spring holds the armature-lever A away from the relay-magnetR", and its tension is such that the magnetic efieet imparted to R bythe minimum transmitted current is insufficient to attract the armatureA \Vhen the intermediate or the maximum currents traverse therelay-magnet, however, the magnetic attraction for A is greater than thetension of the spring 9. The armature-lever A consequently responds tothese currents, and, passing over to the contact-point J, completes thecircuit of the battery Z and aetuates the sounder S". The sounder Stherefore responds to the motions of the key K, as it is only when K isdepressed that the intermediate or the maximum currents are transmitted.

S is a sounder or register operated byabattery, Z, the circuit of whichis normallyinterrupted at the contacts Sc.

L R is a local relay operated by a battery, Z, which is normally opposedand neutralized by a battery, X L.

'XM is an electro-magnet mounted upon the frame-work of the relay R insuch a manner that its armature-lever Lis interposed between thearmature-lever A and the front stop, 4, against which that lever wouldotherwise rest when attracted: X M is actuated by the battery X L, whichis normally neutralized by battery Z. When there is no attraction in therelay-magnet R, the retractile:spring 9 holds the armature A away fromthe relay-magnet; but its tension is so low that the magnetic effect ofthe minimum transmitted current can control the armature.

The operation of this combination is as follows: When the current ofminimum power traverses the relay R, the armature A is attracted, andthe lever A accordingly passes over against the contact 2 on the leverL. The tension of a retractile spring,h, prevents its carrying theleverL off from the point 3, (against which the lever L normally rests.)The battery X L has then a circuit via contacts 3, lever L, contacts 2l, lever A through the elec tro-magnet X M; but the combined attractionof the relay-magnet R and the electro-magnet X M is not suffieient toovercome the tension of the retractile spring h. The bat-tery Ztherefores completes its circuit 0M3 L 21 A,

through thelocal relayL R, which accordingly attracts armature L, andcontact is made at S0. The battery Z now has a complete circuit via 3 L2 1 A Se (L) through the sounder-magnet S. The sounder S consequentlyresponds to the minimum transmitted current. As the circuit of Z is notcompleted till the local relay closes the contacts S0, and as after thisclosing is effected at Sc the circuit depends upon the contacts 3 L 2 lthe circuit of Z will be interrupted at the instant any of thesecontacts are broken. WVhen the current of maximum power traverses therelay R, the combined attraction of R and the local magnet X M isgreater than the tension of the spring h, and the lever L is accordinglyforced from the point 3. At the instant the lever L leaves the point 3,however, the circuit of the battery X L is broken and the electromagnetX M loses its attractive force and (the tension of the retractile springh being greater than the attractive iorce of the relay-magnet B alone)the lever L returns to the point 3, when the electro-magnet X M is againactu ated and the operation is repeated indefinitely. Thus L continuesto vibrate during the time the maximum current traverses the relaymagnetIt, and, as during this vibration the contacts 3 L 2 1 and Se cannot besimultaneously made, the circuit of Z continues interrupted and thesounder S remains unaffected. \Vhen the intermediate current is put toline,. the vibration of the lever L ceases or does not obtain, (as thenthe tension of the spring h is greater than the combined attraction ofthe relay-magzgnet It and the electro-magnet X M,) the contacts are madeat 3 L 2 1 and So, the circuit of the battery Z is thereby completed andthe sounder S responds. Thus S responds to the motions of the key K, asit is only when K mediate currents are transmitted.

As the receivi ng-relay R, arranged as above described, is susceptibleof easy adjustment on small margins of working current, our method ofquadruplex telegraph, explained above, can be operated with currents ofvery low tension. Fig. 5 represents a modification of the duplex part ofour invention. R is an ordinary Morse relay, the coils upon eaeh half ofthe core being connected separately with the flat springs ff of thetransmitter. K is the pivoted lever of an ordinary six-pointtransmitter. Its depression and upraisal causes the flat springs ff toreverse their positionswith respect to the contacts a and the contactsupon the end of the arm d. It is preferably operated by means of anelectro-magnet, battery, and. key, in the usual manner, which areomitted in the figure as unnecessary to this specification. In thenormal position the main circuit is completed through the righthand coilM O of the relay R 'via f a to earth; and the battery B operates in thelocal circuit, its

course being m'a d f through the left-hand coil L O of the relay It andresistance-coils X to The armature A is therefore attracted is depressedthat the minimum or the interby the magnetism imparted to the relay R bythe transmitting-battery B acting in the coil L C. When thepivoted leverK is depressed, the main circuit is completed through the coil M via f(2, through battery B to earth. There is now no current in L 0, but thearmature A is attracted by the magnetism imparted to the relay It by thebattery B, now flowing through the coil M O in the same direction asbefore around the core of the relay R. If the coils L G and M O areequal and X is adjusted to equal the resistance of the main circuit, thebattery 13 will, with the lever K upraised or depressed, uniformlymagnetize It and attract the armature A. If we adjust the spring S abovethe attraction imparted by the battery B, the lever K may be manipulatedwithout visibly aifecting the relay, while the strength of currentstransmitted from the distant end of the line will (if the batteries arearranged with at one end and at the other end of the line) combine withthat of the battery B, and the armature A will, by the increasedattraction in the relay R, respond to them.

In practice the relay R is better wound with four coils. L C is thenrepresented by two coils, one upon each half of the core, and MI 0 islikewise represented by two coils, one upon each half of the core. Thecoils L C may be composed of a wire whose length and resistance areequal to M O, or they may be composed of a shorter wire of lowerresistance. Vhen the latter is employed, we obtain a uniform effect fromthe battery B, with the lever K upraised or depressed, by lowering theresistance in X proportionately to compensate for the lesser magneticpower of the shorter coils. The eiiects of the return and extra currentsare in this arrangement neutralized by the means explained in connectionwith Fig. 1.

\Ve claim as our invention- 1. In a multiplex telegraph, a main and alocal circuit extending, respectively, through difierent coils of arelay or receiving instrument, a signaling-battery, and means,substantially as described, for completely transferring said batteryfirst through one of said coils and then through the other.

2. In a multiplex telegraph, the combination of two receiving-relays, amain and local circuit extending, respectively, through different coilsof said relays, a main-line battery in sections, a local battery in aclosed circuit passing through both relays, and means, substantially asdescribed, for transferring a part or all of said main-line battery intothe first-named local and main-line circuits at will, substantially asdescribed. I

3. In a multiplex telegraph,thelooal neutralizing-battery L 13, arrangedin circuit through both receiving-relays R R and an adjustableshunt-resistant, Rh, connected in circuit therewith, substantially asdescribed.

4.. In a multiplex telegraph, the combination of three transmitters andtwo keys with three electro-magnets and three batteries, two of whichnormally aid each other and are opposed by the third, whereby thetransmitters are normally undisturbed and each is actuated by its ownkey, while all three are actuated when both keys are operatedsimultaneously, substantially as described.

5. In a multiplex telegraph-receiver,a mainline relay and two localrelays under control of said main-line relay, the first of which localrelays controls a local sounder, in combination with connections,substantially as described, whereby a maximum or a minimum currentcauses the local sounder to act, while an intermediate current causesthe second of said local relays to continuously make and break a circuitthrough the first-named local relay, so that the sounder will not act,all substantially as described.

6. In a multiplex telegraph, a device for overcoming statical troubles,consisting of an induction-coil whose primary is located in a localcircuit,with its secondary in the main or signaling circuit, incombination with a main or signaling battery, and means, substantiallyas described, for connecting said signalingbattery first to onecircuitand then to the other, substantially as described.

7. In a device for overcoming statical troubles in multiplex telegraphy,an inductioncoil consisting of the usual primary coil located in thebranch line and secondary coil located in the main-line circuit, andmeans for interchanging said coilsthat is, for making each coilsuccessively a primary and a secondary to the other-substantially asdescribed.

DAVID HERBERT KEELEY. A. A. E. GARVEY.

. Witnesses:

T. AHEARN, O. M. GARVEY.

